What is VBScript?
VBScript is a scripting language
A scripting language is a lightweight programming language
VBScript is a light version of Microsoft's programming language Visual Basic
How does it Work?
When a VBScript is inserted into a HTML document, the Internet browser will read the HTML and interpret the VBScript. The VBScript can be executed immediately, or at a later event.
How to Put VBScript Code
Print “Hellow from VBScript!”
And it produces this output:
Hello from VBScript!
Example :
Dim x,y
x=inputbox(“Enter a number”)
y=inputbox(“Enter a number”)
print x*y
Example 2
Dim x,y
x=inputbox(“Enter a number”)
y=inputbox(“Enter a number”)
msgbox “The product of x * y “&vbcrlf&x*y,1,”Product”
In the above example msgbox “message”,buttons,title
What is a Variable?
A variable is a "container" for information you want to store. A variable's value can change during the script. You can refer to a variable by name to see its value or to change its value. In VBScript, all variables are of type variant, that can store different types of data.
Rules for Variable Names:
Must begin with a letter
Cannot contain a period (.)
Cannot exceed 255 characters
Declaring Variables
You can declare variables with the Dim, Public or the Private statement. Like this:
dim namename=some value
Now you have created a variable. The name of the variable is "name".
You can also declare variables by using its name in your script. Like this:
name=some value
Now you have also created a variable. The name of the variable is "name".
However, the last method is not a good practice, because you can misspell the variable name later in your script, and that can cause strange results when your script is running. This is because when you misspell for example the "name" variable to "nime" the script will automatically create a new variable called "nime". To prevent your script from doing this you can use the Option Explicit statement. When you use this statement you will have to declare all your variables with the dim, public or private statement. Put the Option Explicit statement on the top of your script. Like this:
option explicitdim namename=some value
Assigning Values to Variables
You assign a value to a variable like this:
name="Hege"i=200
The variable name is on the left side of the expression and the value you want to assign to the variable is on the right. Now the variable "name" has the value "Hege".
Lifetime of Variables
How long a variable exists is its lifetime.When you declare a variable within a procedure, the variable can only be accessed within that procedure. When the procedure exits, the variable is destroyed. These variables are called local variables. You can have local variables with the same name in different procedures, because each is recognized only by the procedure in which it is declared.If you declare a variable outside a procedure, all the procedures on your page can access it. The lifetime of these variables starts when they are declared, and ends when the page is closed.
Array Variables
Sometimes you want to assign more than one value to a single variable. Then you can create a variable that can contain a series of values. This is called an array variable. The declaration of an array variable uses parentheses ( ) following the variable name. In the following example, an array containing 3 elements is declared:
dim names(2)
The number shown in the parentheses is 2. We start at zero so this array contains 3 elements. This is a fixed-size array. You assign data to each of the elements of the array like this:
names(0)="Tove"names(1)="Jani"names(2)="Stale"
Similarly, the data can be retrieved from any element using the index of the particular array element you want. Like this:
mother=names(0)
You can have up to 60 dimensions in an array. Multiple dimensions are declared by separating the numbers in the parentheses with commas. Here we have a two-dimensional array consisting of 5 rows and 7 columns:
dim table(4, 6)
Create an arrayArrays are used to store a series of related data items. This example demonstrates how you can make an array that stores names. ( We are using a "for loop" to demonstrate how you write the names. )
dim famname(5)
famname(0)="Jan Egil"
famname(1)="Tove"
famname(2)="Hege"
famname(3)="Stale"
famname(4)="Kai Jim"
famname(5)="Borge"
for i=0 to 5
print famname(i)
next
Result
Jan EgilToveHegeStaleKai JimBorge
We have two kinds of procedures: The Sub procedure and the Function procedure.
A Sub procedure:
is a series of statements, enclosed by the Sub and End Sub statements
can perform actions, but does not return a value
can take arguments that are passed to it by a calling procedure
without arguments, must include an empty set of parentheses ()
Sub mysub() some statementsEnd Sub
or Sub mysub(argument1,argument2) some statementsEnd Sub
A Function procedure:
is a series of statements, enclosed by the Function and End Function statements
can perform actions and can return a value
can take arguments that are passed to it by a calling procedure
without arguments, must include an empty set of parentheses ()
returns a value by assigning a value to its name
Function myfunction() some statements myfunction=some valueEnd Function
orFunction myfunction(argument1,argument2) some statements myfunction=some valueEnd Function
Call a Sub or Function Procedure
When you call a Function in your code, you do like this:
name = findname()
Here you call a Function called "findname", the Function returns a value that will be stored in the variable "name".
Or, you can do like this:
msgbox "Your name is " & findname()
Here you also call a Function called "findname", the Function returns a value that will be displayed in the message box.
When you call a Sub procedure you can use the Call statement, like this:
Call MyProc(argument)
Or, you can omit the Call statement, like this:
MyProc argument
Examples
Sub procedureThe sub procedure does not return a value.
sub mySub()
msgbox("This is a sub procedure")
end sub
call mySub()
Result
A sub procedure does not return a result.
Function procedureThe function procedure is used if you want to return a value.
function myFunction()
myFunction = "BLUE"
end function
call myFunction
Result
My favorite color is BLUE
A function procedure CAN return a result.
Examples
The if...then...else statementThis example demonstrates how to write the if...then..else statement.
The if...then...elseif... statementThis example demonstrates how to write the if...then...elseif statement.
The select case statementThis example demonstrates how to write the select case statement.
Conditional Statements
Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this.
In VBScript we have three conditional statements:
if statement - use this statement if you want to execute a set of code when a condition is true
if...then...else statement - use this statement if you want to select one of two sets of lines to execute
if...then...elseif statement - use this statement if you want to select one of many sets of lines to execute
select case statement - use this statement if you want to select one of many sets of lines to execute
If....Then.....Else
You should use the If...Then...Else statement if you want to
execute some code if a condition is true
select one of two blocks of code to execute
If you want to execute only one statement when a condition is true, you can write the code on one line:
if i=10 Then msgbox "Hello"
There is no ..else.. in this syntax. You just tell the code to perform one action if the condition is true (in this case if i=10).
If you want to execute more than one statement when a condition is true, you must put each statement on separate lines and end the statement with the keyword "End If":
if i=10 Then msgbox "Hello" i = i+1end If
There is no ..else.. in this syntax either. You just tell the code to perform multiple actions if the condition is true.
If you want to execute a statement if a condition is true and execute another statement if the condition is not true, you must add the "Else" keyword:
if i=10 then msgbox "Hello"else msgbox "Goodbye"end If
The first block of code will be executed if the condition is true, and the other block will be executed otherwise (if i is not equal to 10).
If....Then.....Elseif
You can use the if...then...elseif statement if you want to select one of many blocks of code to execute:
if payment="Cash" then msgbox "You are going to pay cash!" elseif payment="Visa" then msgbox "You are going to pay with visa." elseif payment="AmEx" then msgbox "You are going to pay with American Express." else msgbox "Unknown method of payment."end If
Select Case
You can also use the SELECT statement if you want to select one of many blocks of code to execute:
select case payment case "Cash" msgbox "You are going to pay cash" case "Visa" msgbox "You are going to pay with visa" case "AmEx" msgbox "You are going to pay with American Express" case Else msgbox "Unknown method of payment"end select
This is how it works: First we have a single expression (most often a variable), that is evaluated once. The value of the expression is then compared with the values for each Case in the structure. If there is a match, the block of code associated with that Case is executed.
Examples
The if...then...else statementThis example demonstrates how to write the if...then..else statement.
function greeting()
i=hour(time)
if i < 10 then
msgbox “Good morning”
else
msgbox “Have a nice day!”
end if
end function
Result
Have a nice day!
The if...then...elseif... statementThis example demonstrates how to write the if...then...elseif statement.
function greeting()
i=hour(time)
If i = 10 then
Print "Just started...!"
elseif i = 11 then
print "Hungry!"
elseif i = 12 then
print "Ah, lunch-time!"
elseif i = 16 then
print "Time to go home!"
else
print "Time zone = Chennai, Kolkatta, Mumbai and Delhi"
end if
end function
call greeting()
Result
Time zone = Chennai, Kolkatta, Mumbai and Delhi
The select case statementThis example demonstrates how to write the select case statement.
d=weekday(date)
select case d
case 1
print "Sleepy Sunday"
case 2
print "Monday again!"
case 3
print "Just Tuesday!"
case 4
print "Wednesday!"
case 5
print "Thursday..."
case 6
print "Finally Friday!"
case else
print "Super Saturday!!!!"
end select
Result
Just Tuesday!
This example demonstrates the "select case" statement.
You will receive a different greeting based on what day it is.
Note that Sunday=1, Monday=2, Tuesday=3, etc.
Looping Statements
Very often when you write code, you want to allow the same block of code to run a number of times. You can use looping statements in your code to do this.
In VBScript we have four looping statements:
For...Next statement - runs statements a specified number of times.
For Each...Next statement - runs statements for each item in a collection or each element of an array
Do...Loop statement - loops while or until a condition is true
While...Wend statement - Do not use it - use the Do...Loop statement instead
For...Next Loop
You can use a For...Next statement to run a block of code, when you know how many repetitions you want.
You can use a counter variable that increases or decreases with each repetition of the loop, like this:
For i=1 to 10 some codeNext
The For statement specifies the counter variable (i) and its start and end values. The Next statement increases the counter variable (i) by one.
Step Keyword
Using the Step keyword, you can increase or decrease the counter variable by the value you specify.
In the example below, the counter variable (i) is increased by two each time the loop repeats.
For i=2 To 10 Step 2 some codeNext
To decrease the counter variable, you must use a negative Step value. You must specify an end value that is less than the start value.
In the example below, the counter variable (i) is decreased by two each time the loop repeats.
For i=10 To 2 Step -2 some codeNext
Exit a For...Next
You can exit a For...Next statement with the Exit For keyword.
For Each...Next Loop
A For Each...Next loop repeats a block of code for each item in a collection, or for each element of an array.
dim cars(2)cars(0)="Volvo"cars(1)="Saab"cars(2)="BMW" For Each x in cars Print x Next
Do...Loop
You can use Do...Loop statements to run a block of code when you do not know how many repetitions you want. The block of code is repeated while a condition is true or until a condition becomes true.
Repeating Code While a Condition is True
You use the While keyword to check a condition in a Do...Loop statement.
Do While i>10 some codeLoop
If i equals 9, the code inside the loop above will never be executed.
Do some codeLoop While i>10
The code inside this loop will be executed at least one time, even if i is less than 10.
Repeating Code Until a Condition Becomes True
You use the Until keyword to check a condition in a Do...Loop statement.
Do Until i=10 some code Loop
If i equals 10, the code inside the loop will never be executed.
Do some codeLoop Until i=10
The code inside this loop will be executed at least one time, even if i is equal to 10.
Exit a Do...Loop
You can exit a Do...Loop statement with the Exit Do keyword.
Do Until i=10 i=i-1 If i<10 Then Exit DoLoop
The code inside this loop will be executed as long as i is different from 10, and as long as i is greater than 10.
Examples
For...next loopThis example demonstrates how to make a simple For....Next loop.
for i = 0 to 2
print "The number is " & i
next
Result
The number is 0
The number is 1
The number is 2
Looping through headersThis example demonstrates how you can loop through the 6 headers in html.
for i=4 to 6
print i
next
For...each loopThis example demonstrates how to make a simple For.....Each loop.
dim names(2)
names(1) = "Tove"
names(0) = "Jani"
names(2) = "Hege"
for each x in names
print x
next
Result
Jani
Tove
Hege
Do...While loopThis example demonstrates how to make a simple Do...While loop.
i=5
do while i < 10
print i
i=i+1
loop
Result
5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
This page contains all the built-in VBScript functions. The page is divided into following sections:
Date/Time functions
Conversion functions
Format functions
Math functions
Array functions
String functions
Other functions
Date/Time Functions
Function
CDate
Converts a valid date and time expression to the variant of subtype Date
The CDate function converts a valid date and time expression to type Date, and returns the result.
Tip: Use the IsDate function to determine if date can be converted to a date or time.
Note: The IsDate function uses local setting to determine if a string can be converted to a date ("January" is not a month in all languages.)
Syntax
CDate(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any valid date expression (like Date() or Now())
Example 1
d="April 22, 2001"if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:2/22/01
Example 2
d=#2/22/01#if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:2/22/01
Example 3
d="3:18:40 AM"if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:3:18:40 AM
Date
Returns the current system date
The Date function returns the current system date.
Syntax
Date
Example 1
Print "The current system date is: "Print DateOutput:The current system date is: 1/14/2002
DateAdd
Returns a date to which a specified time interval has been added
The DateAdd function returns a date to which a specified time interval has been added.
Syntax
DateAdd(interval,number,date)
Parameter
Description
interval
Required. The interval you want to add
Can take the following values:
yyyy - Year
q - Quarter
m - Month
y - Day of year
d - Day
w - Weekday
ww - Week of year
h - Hour
n - Minute
s - Second
number
Required. The number of interval you want to add. Can either be positive, for dates in the future, or negative, for dates in the past
date
Required. Variant or literal representing the date to which interval is added
Example 1
'Add one month to January 31, 2000Print DateAdd("m",1,"31-Jan-00")Output:2/29/2000
Print DateAdd("m",1,"31-Jan-00")
Example 2
'Add one month to January 31, 2001Print DateAdd("m",1,"31-Jan-01")Output:2/28/2001
Print DateAdd("m",-1,"31-Jan-01")
Example 3
'Subtract one month from January 31, 2001Print DateAdd("m",-1,"31-Jan-01")Output:12/31/2000
DateDiff
Returns the number of intervals between two dates
The DateDiff function returns the number of intervals between two dates.
Syntax
DateDiff(interval,date1,date2[,firstdayofweek[,firstweekofyear]])
date1,date2
Required. Date expressions. Two dates you want to use in the calculation
firstdayofweek
Optional. Specifies the day of the week.
Can take the following values:
0 = vbUseSystemDayOfWeek - Use National Language Support (NLS) API setting
1 = vbSunday - Sunday (default)
2 = vbMonday - Monday
3 = vbTuesday - Tuesday
4 = vbWednesday - Wednesday
5 = vbThursday - Thursday
6 = vbFriday - Friday
7 = vbSaturday - Saturday
firstweekofyear
Optional. Specifies the first week of the year.
Can take the following values:
0 = vbUseSystem - Use National Language Support (NLS) API setting
1 = vbFirstJan1 - Start with the week in which January 1 occurs (default)
2 = vbFirstFourDays - Start with the week that has at least four days in the new year
3 = vbFirstFullWeek - Start with the first full week of the new year
Example 1
Print Date Print DateDiff("m",Date,"12/31/2002")Print DateDiff("d",Date,"12/31/2002") Print DateDiff("n",Date,"12/31/2002")Output:1/14/200211351505440
Example 2
Print Date'Note that in the code below'is date1>date2Print DateDiff("d","12/31/2002",Date)Output:1/14/2002-351
Example 3
'How many weeks (start on Monday),'are left between the current date and 10/10/2002Print Date Print DateDiff("w",Date,"10/10/2002",vbMonday)Output:1/14/200238
DatePart
Returns the specified part of a given date
The DatePart function returns the specified part of a given date.
Syntax
DatePart(interval,date[,firstdayofweek[,firstweekofyear]])
Example 1
Print Date Print DatePart("d",Date)Output:1/14/200214
Example 2
Print DatePrint DatePart("w",Date)Output:1/14/20022
DateSerial
Returns the date for a specified year, month, and day
The DateSerial function returns a Variant of subtype Date for a specified year, month, and day.
Syntax
DateSerial(year,month,day)
Parameter
Description
year
Required. A number between 100 and 9999, or a numeric expression. Values between 0 and 99 are interpreted as the years 1900–1999. For all other year arguments, use a complete four-digit year
month
Required. Any numeric expression
day
Required. Any numeric expression
Example 1
Print DateSerial(1996,2,3)Print DateSerial(1990-20,9-2,1-1)Output:2/3/19966/30/1970
DateValue
Returns a date
The DateValue function returns a type Date.
Note: If the year part of date is omitted this function will use the current year from the computer's system date.
Note: If the date parameter includes time information it will not be returned. However, if date includes invalid time information, a run-time error will occur.
Syntax
DateValue(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. A date from January 1, 100 through December 31, 9999 or any expression that can represent a date, a time, or both a date and time
Example 1
Print DateValue("31-Jan-02")Print DateValue("31-Jan")Print DateValue("31-Jan-02 2:39:49 AM")Output:1/31/20021/31/20021/31/2002
Day
Returns a number that represents the day of the month (between 1 and 31, inclusive)
The Day function returns a number between 1 and 31 that represents the day of the month.
Syntax
Day(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any expression that can represent a date
Example 1
Print DatePrint Day(Date)Output:1/14/200214
FormatDateTime
Returns an expression formatted as a date or time
The FormatDateTime function formats and returns a valid date or time expression.
Syntax
FormatDateTime(date,format)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any valid date expression (like Date() or Now())
format
Optional. A Format value that specifies the date/time format to use
Example 1
Print The current date is: "Print FormatDateTime(Date())Output:The current date is: 2/22/2001
Example 2
Print The current date is: "Print FormatDateTime(Date(),1)Output:The current date is: Thursday, February 22, 2001
Example 3
Print “The current date is: "Print FormatDateTime(Date(),2)Output:The current date is: 2/22/2001
Format Values
Constant
Value
Description
vbGeneralDate
0
Display a date in format mm/dd/yy. If the date parameter is Now(), it will also return the time, after the date
vbLongDate
1
Display a date using the long date format: weekday, month day, year
vbShortDate
2
Display a date using the short date format: like the default (mm/dd/yy)
vbLongTime
3
Display a time using the time format: hh:mm:ss PM/AM
vbShortTime
4
Display a time using the 24-hour format: hh:mm
Hour
Returns a number that represents the hour of the day (between 0 and 23, inclusive)
The Hour function returns a number between 0 and 23 that represents the hour of the day.
Syntax
Hour(time)
Parameter
Description
time
Required. Any expression that can represent a time
Example 1
Print Now Print Hour(Now)Output:1/15/2002 10:07:47 AM10
Example 2
Print Hour(Time)Output:10
IsDate
Returns a Boolean value that indicates if the evaluated expression can be converted to a date
The IsDate function returns a Boolean value that indicates if the evaluated expression can be converted to a date. It returns True if the expression is a date or can be converted to a date; otherwise, it returns False.
Note: The IsDate function uses local setting to determine if a string can be converted to a date ("January" is not a month in all languages.)
Syntax
IsDate(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. The expression to be evaluated
Example 1
Print IsDate("April 22, 1947")Print IsDate(#11/11/01#)Print IsDate("#11/11/01#")Print IsDate("Hello World!")Output:TrueTrueFalseFalse
Minute
Returns a number that represents the minute of the hour (between 0 and 59, inclusive)
The Minute function returns a number between 0 and 59 that represents the minute of the hour.
Syntax
Minute(time)
Parameter
Description
time
Required. Any expression that can represent a time
Example 1
Print Now Print Minute(Now)Output:1/15/2002 10:34:39 AM34
Example 2
Print Minute(Time)Output:34
Month
Returns a number that represents the month of the year (between 1 and 12, inclusive)
The Month function returns a number between 1 and 12 that represents the month of the year.
Syntax
Month(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any expression that can represent a date
Example 1
Print DatePrint Month(Date)Output:1/15/20021
MonthName
Returns the name of a specified month
The MonthName function returns the name of the specified month.
Syntax
MonthName(month[,abbreviate])
Parameter
Description
month
Required. Specifies the number of the month (January is 1, February is 2, etc.)
abbreviate
Optional. A Boolean value that indicates if the month name is to be abbreviated. Default is False
Example 1
Print MonthName(8)Output:August
Example 2
Print MonthName(8,true)Output:Aug
Now
Returns the current system date and time
The Now function returns the current date and time according to the setting of your computer's system date and time.
Syntax
Now
Example 1
Print NowOutput:1/15/2002 10:52:15 AM
Second
Returns a number that represents the second of the minute (between 0 and 59, inclusive)
The Second function returns a number between 0 and 59 that represents the second of the minute.
Syntax
Second(time)
Parameter
Description
time
Required. Any expression that can represent a time
Example 1
Print Now Print Second(Now)Output:1/15/2002 10:55:51 AM51
Example 2
Print Second(Time)Output:51
Time
Returns the current system time
The Time function returns the current system time.
Syntax
Time
Example 1
Print TimeOutput:11:07:27 AM
Timer
Returns the number of seconds since 12:00 AM
The Timer function returns the number of seconds since 12:00 AM.
Syntax
Timer
Example 1
Print TimePrint TimerOutput:11:11:13 AM40273.2
TimeSerial
Returns the time for a specific hour, minute, and second
The TimeSerial function returns the time for a specific hour, minute, and second.
Syntax
TimeSerial(hour,minute,second)
Parameter
Description
hour
Required. A number between 0 and 23, or a numeric expression
minute
Required. Any numeric expression
second
Required. Any numeric expression
Example 1
Print TimeSerial(23,2,3)Print TimeSerial(0,9,11) Print TimeSerial(14+2,9-2,1-1)Output:11:02:03 PM12:09:11 AM4:07:00 PM
TimeValue
Returns a time
The TimeValue function returns a Variant of subtype Date that contains the time.
Syntax
TimeValue(time)
Parameter
Description
time
Required. A time from 0:00:00 (12:00:00 A.M.) to 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.) or any expression that represents a time in that range
Example 1
Print TimeValue("5:55:59 PM")Print TimeValue(#5:55:59 PM#)Print TimeValue("15:34")Output:5:55:59 PM5:55:59 PM3:34:00 PM
Weekday
Returns a number that represents the day of the week (between 1 and 7, inclusive)
The Weekday function returns a number between 1 and 7, that represents the day of the week.
Syntax
Weekday(date[,firstdayofweek])
Parameter
Description
date
Required. The date expression to evaluate
firstdayofweek
Optional. Specifies the first day of the week.
Can take the following values:
0 = vbUseSystemDayOfWeek - Use National Language Support (NLS) API setting
1 = vbSunday - Sunday (default)
2 = vbMonday - Monday
3 = vbTuesday - Tuesday
4 = vbWednesday - Wednesday
5 = vbThursday - Thursday
6 = vbFriday - Friday
7 = vbSaturday - Saturday
Example 1
Print DatePrint Weekday(Date)Output:1/15/20023
WeekdayName
Returns the weekday name of a specified day of the week
The WeekdayName function returns the weekday name of a specified day of the week.
Syntax
WeekdayName(weekday[,abbreviate[,firstdayofweek]])
Parameter
Description
weekday
Required. The number of the weekday
abbreviate
Optional. A Boolean value that indicates if the weekday name is to be abbreviated
Example 1
Print WeekdayName(3)Output:Tuesday
Example 2
Print DatePrint Weekday(Date)Print WeekdayName(Weekday(Date)Output:1/15/20023Tuesday
Example 3
Print Date Print Weekday(Date)Print WeekdayName(Weekday(Date),true)Output:1/15/20023Tue
Year
Returns a number that represents the year
The Year function returns a number that represents the year.
Syntax
Year(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any expression that can represent a date
Example 1
Print Date Print Year(Date)Output:1/15/20022002
Conversion Functions
Asc Converts the first letter in a string to ANSI code
The Asc function converts the first letter in a string to ANSI code, and returns the result.
Syntax
Asc(string)
Parameter
Description
string
Required. A string expression. Cannot be an empty string!
Example 1
Print Asc("A")Print Asc("F")Output:6570
Example 2
Print Asc("a")Print Asc("f")Output:97102
Example 3
Print Asc("W")Print Asc("W3Schools.com")Output:8787
Example 4
Print Asc("2")Print Asc("#")Output:5035
CBool Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Boolean
The CBool function converts an expression to type Boolean.
Syntax
CBool(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression. A nonzero value returns True, zero returns False. A run-time error occurs if the expression can not be interpreted as a numeric value
Example 1
dim a,ba=5b=10print CBool(a)print CBool(b)Output:TrueTrue
CByte Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Byte
The CByte function converts an expression to type Byte.
Syntax
CByte(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim aa=134.345print CByte(a)Output:134
Example 2
dim aa=14.345455print CByte(a)Output:14
CCur Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Currency
The CCur function converts an expression to type Currency.
Syntax
CCur(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim aa=134.345print CCur(a)Output:134.345
Example 2
dim aa=1411111111.345455'NB! This function rounds off to 4 decimal placesPrint CCur(a)Output:1411111111.3455
CDate Converts a valid date and time expression to the variant of subtype Date
The CDate function converts a valid date and time expression to type Date, and returns the result.
Tip: Use the IsDate function to determine if date can be converted to a date or time.
Note: The IsDate function uses local setting to determine if a string can be converted to a date ("January" is not a month in all languages.)
Syntax
CDate(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any valid date expression (like Date() or Now())
Example 1
d="April 22, 2001"if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:2/22/01
Example 2
d=#2/22/01#if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:2/22/01
Example 3
d="3:18:40 AM"if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:3:18:40 AM
CDbl Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Double
The CDbl function converts an expression to type Double.
Syntax
CDbl(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim aa=134.345 print CDbl(a)Output:134.345
Example 2
dim aa=14111111113353355.345455 print CDbl(a)Output:1.41111111133534E+16
Chr Converts the specified ANSI code to a character
The Chr function converts the specified ANSI character code to a character.
Note: The numbers from 0 to 31 represents nonprintable ASCII codes, i.e. Chr(10) will return a linefeed character.
Syntax
Chr(charcode)
Parameter
Description
charcode
Required. A number that identifies a character
Example 1
Print Chr(65)Print Chr(97)Output:Aa
Example 2
Print Chr(37)Print Chr(45)Output:%-
Example 3
Print Chr(50)Print Chr(35)Output:2#
CInt Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Integer
The CInt function converts an expression to type Integer.
Note: The value must be a number between -32768 and 32767.
Syntax
CInt(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim aa=134.345print CInt(a)Output:134
Example 2
dim aa=-30000.24print CInt(a)Output:-30000
CLng Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Long
The CLng function converts an expression to type Long.
Note: The value must be a number between -2147483648 and 2147483647.
Syntax
CLng(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim a,ba=23524.45b=23525.55print CLng(a)print CLng(b)Output:2352423526
CSng Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Single
The CSng function converts an expression to type Single.
Syntax
CSng(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim a,ba=23524.4522b=23525.5533print CSng(a)print CSng(b)Output:23524.4523525.55
CStr Converts an expression to a variant of subtype String
The CStr function converts an expression to type String.
Syntax
CStr(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
If expression is:
Boolean - then the CStr function will return a string containing true or false.
Date - then the CStr function will return a string that contains a date in the short-date format.
Null - then a run-time error will occur.
Empty - then the CStr function will return an empty string ("").
Error - then the CStr function will return a string that contains the word "Error" followed by an error number.
Other numeric - then the CStr function will return a string that contains the number.
Example 1
dim aa=falseprint CStr(a)Output:false
Example 2
dim aa=#01/01/01#print CStr(a)Output:1/1/2001
Hex Returns the hexadecimal value of a specified number
The Hex function returns a string that represents the hexadecimal value of a specified number.
Note: If number is not a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated.
Syntax
Hex(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. Any valid expression
If number is:
Null - then the Hex function returns Null.
Empty - then the Hex function returns zero (0).
Any other number - then the Hex function returns up to eight hexadecimal characters.
Example 1
print Hex(3)print Hex(5)print Hex(9)print Hex(10)print Hex(11)print Hex(12)print Hex(400)print Hex(459)print Hex(460)Output:359ABC1901CB1CC
Oct Returns the octal value of a specified number
The Oct function returns a string that represents the octal value of a specified number.
Note: If number is not already a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated.
Syntax
Oct(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. Any valid expression
If number is:
Null - then the Oct function returns Null.
Empty - then the Oct function returns zero (0).
Any other number - then the Oct function returns up to 11 octal characters.
Example 1
print Oct(3)print Oct(5)print Oct(9)print Oct(10) print Oct(11)print Oct(12)print Oct(400)print Oct(459)print Oct(460)Output:3511121314620713714
Format Functions
Function
FormatCurrency Returns an expression formatted as a currency value
The FormatCurrency function returns an expression formatted as a currency value using the currency symbol defined in the computer's control panel.
Syntax
FormatCurrency(Expression[,NumDigAfterDec[,IncLeadingDig[,UseParForNegNum[,GroupDig]]]])
Parameter
Description
Expression
Required. The expression to be formatted
NumDigAfterDec
Optional. Indicates how many places to the right of the decimal are displayed. Default is -1 (the computer's regional settings are used)
IncLeadingDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not a leading zero is displayed for fractional values:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
UseParForNegNum
Optional. Indicates whether or not to place negative values within parentheses:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
GroupDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not numbers are grouped using the group delimiter specified in the computer's regional settings:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
Example 1
print FormatCurrency(20000)Output:$20,000.00
Example 2
print FormatCurrency(20000.578,2)Output:$20,000.58
Example 3
print FormatCurrency(20000.578,2,,,0)Output:$20000.58
FormatDateTime Returns an expression formatted as a date or time
The FormatDateTime function formats and returns a valid date or time expression.
Syntax
FormatDateTime(date,format)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any valid date expression (like Date() or Now())
format
Optional. A Format value that specifies the date/time format to use
Example 1
print "The current date is: "print FormatDateTime(Date())Output:The current date is: 2/22/2001
Example 2
Print "The current date is: "print FormatDateTime(Date(),1)Output:The current date is: Thursday, February 22, 2001
Example 3
print "The current date is: "print FormatDateTime(Date(),2)Output:The current date is: 2/22/2001
Format Values
Constant
Value
Description
vbGeneralDate
0
Display a date in format mm/dd/yy. If the date parameter is Now(), it will also return the time, after the date
vbLongDate
1
Display a date using the long date format: weekday, month day, year
vbShortDate
2
Display a date using the short date format: like the default (mm/dd/yy)
vbLongTime
3
Display a time using the time format: hh:mm:ss PM/AM
vbShortTime
4
Display a time using the 24-hour format: hh:mm
FormatNumber Returns an expression formatted as a number
The FormatNumber function returns an expression formatted as a number.
Syntax
FormatNumber(Expression[,NumDigAfterDec[,IncLeadingDig[,UseParForNegNum[,GroupDig]]]])
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. The expression to be formatted
NumDigAfterDec
Optional. Indicates how many places to the right of the decimal are displayed. Default is -1 (the computer's regional settings are used)
IncLeadingDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not a leading zero is displayed for fractional values:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
UseParForNegNum
Optional. Indicates whether or not to place negative values within parentheses:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
GroupDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not numbers are grouped using the group delimiter specified in the computer's regional settings:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
Example 1
print (FormatNumber(20000))Output:20,000.00
Example 2
print FormatNumber(20000.578,2)Output:20,000.58
Example 3
print FormatNumber(20000.578,2,,,0)Output:20000.58
FormatPercent Returns an expression formatted as a percentage
The FormatPercent function returns an expression formatted as a percentage (multiplied by 100) with a trailing % character.
Syntax
FormatPercent(Expression[,NumDigAfterDec[,IncLeadingDig[,UseParForNegNum[,GroupDig]]]])
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. The expression to be formatted
NumDigAfterDec
Optional. Indicates how many places to the right of the decimal are displayed. Default is -1 (the computer's regional settings are used)
IncLeadingDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not a leading zero is displayed for fractional values:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
UseParForNegNum
Optional. Indicates whether or not to place negative values within parentheses:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
GroupDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not numbers are grouped using the group delimiter specified in the computer's regional settings:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
Example 1
'How many percent is 6 of 345?print FormatPercent(6/345)Output:1.74%
Example 2
'How many percent is 6 of 345?print FormatPercent(6/345,1)Output:1.7%
Math Functions
Function
Abs Returns the absolute value of a specified number
The Abs function returns the absolute value of a specified number.
Note: If the number parameter contains Null, Null will be returned
Note: If the number parameter is an uninitialized variable, zero will be returned.
Syntax
Abs(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A numeric expression
Example 1
print Abs(1)print Abs(-1)Output:11
Example 2
print Abs(48.4)print Abs(-48.4)Output:48.448.4
Atn Returns the arctangent of a specified number
The Atn function returns the arctangent of a specified number.
Syntax
Atn(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A numeric expression
Example 1
print Atn(89)Output:1.55956084453693
Example 2
print Atn(8.9)Output:1.45890606062322
Example 3
'calculate the value of pidim pipi=4*Atn(1)print piOutput:3.14159265358979
Cos Returns the cosine of a specified number (angle)
The Cos function returns the cosine of a specified number (angle).
Syntax
Cos(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A numeric expression that expresses an angle in radians
Example 1
print Cos(50.0)Output:0.964966028492113
Example 2
print Cos(-50.0)Output:0.964966028492113
Exp Returns e raised to a power
The Exp function returns e raised to a power.
Note: The value of number cannot exceed 709.782712893.
Tip: Also look at the Log function.
Syntax
Exp(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A valid numeric expression
Example 1
print Exp(6.7)Output:812.405825167543
Example 2
print Exp(-6.7)Output:1.23091190267348E-03
Hex Returns the hexadecimal value of a specified number
The Hex function returns a string that represents the hexadecimal value of a specified number.
Note: If number is not a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated.
Syntax
Hex(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. Any valid expression
If number is:
Null - then the Hex function returns Null.
Empty - then the Hex function returns zero (0).
Any other number - then the Hex function returns up to eight hexadecimal characters.
Example 1
print Hex(3)print Hex(5) print Hex(9)print Hex(10)print Hex(11)print Hex(12)print Hex(400)print Hex(459)print Hex(460)Output:359ABC1901CB1CC
Int Returns the integer part of a specified number
The Int function returns the integer part of a specified number.
Note: If the number parameter contains Null, Null will be returned.
Tip: Also look at the Fix function.
Syntax
Int(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A valid numeric expression
Example 1
print Int(6.83227)Output:6
Example 2
print Int(6.23443)Output:6
Example 3
print Int(-6.13443)Output:-7
Example 4
print Int(-6.93443)Output:-7
Fix Returns the integer part of a specified number
The Fix function returns the integer part of a specified number.
Note: If the number parameter contains Null, Null will be returned.
Tip: Also look at the Int function.
Syntax
Fix(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A valid numeric expression
Example 1
print Fix(6.83227)Output:6
Example 2
print Fix(6.23443)Output:6
Example 3
Print Fix(-6.13443)Output:-6
Example 4
print Fix(-6.93443)Output:-6
Log Returns the natural logarithm of a specified number
The Log function returns the natural logarithm of a specified number. The natural logarithm is the logarithm to the base e.
Note: Negative values are not allowed.
Tip: Also look at the Exp function.
Syntax
Log(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A valid numeric expression > 0
Example 1
print Log(38.256783227)Output:3.64432088381777
Oct Returns the octal value of a specified number
The Oct function returns a string that represents the octal value of a specified number.
Note: If number is not already a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated.
Syntax
Oct(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. Any valid expression
If number is:
Null - then the Oct function returns Null.
Empty - then the Oct function returns zero (0).
Any other number - then the Oct function returns up to 11 octal characters.
Example 1
print Oct(3)print Oct(5)print Oct(9) print Oct(10) print Oct(11)print Oct(12) print Oct(400)print Oct(459)print Oct(460)Output:3511121314620713714
Rnd Returns a random number less than 1 but greater or equal to 0
The Rnd function returns a random number. The number is always less than 1 but greater or equal to 0.
Syntax
Rnd[(number)]
Parameter
Description
number
Optional. A valid numeric expression
If number is:
<0 - Rnd returns the same number every time
>0 - Rnd returns the next random number in the sequence
=0 - Rnd returns the most recently generated number
Not supplied - Rnd returns the next random number in the sequence
Example 1
print RndOutput:0.7055475
Example 2
'If you refresh the page,'using the code in example 1,'the SAME random number will show over and over.'Use the Randomize statement generate a new random number'each time the page is reloaded!Randomizeprint RndOutput:0.4758112
Example 3
'Here is how to produce random integers in a'given range:dim max,minmax=100min=1print Int((max-min+1)*Rnd+min)Output:71
Sgn Returns an integer that indicates the sign of a specified number
The Sgn function returns an integer that indicates the sign of a specified number.
Syntax
Sgn(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A valid numeric expression
If number is:
>0 - Sgn returns 1
=0 - Sgn returns 0
<0 - Sgn returns -1
Example 1
print Sgn(15)Output:1
Example 2
print Sgn(-5.67)Output:-1
Example 3
print Sgn(0)Output:0
Sin Returns the sine of a specified number (angle)
The Sin function returns the sine of a specified number (angle).
Syntax
Sin(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A valid numeric expression that expresses an angle in radians
Example 1
print Sin(47)Output:0.123573122745224
Example 2
print Sin(-47)Output:-0.123573122745224
Sqr Returns the square root of a specified number
The Sqr function returns the square root of a number.
Note: The number parameter cannot be a negative value.
Syntax
Sqr(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A valid numeric expression >= 0
Example 1
print Sqr(9)Output:3
Example 2
print Sqr(0)Output:0
Example 3
print Sqr(47)Output:6.85565460040104
Tan Returns the tangent of a specified number (angle)
The Tan function returns the tangent of a specified number (angle).
Syntax
Tan(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A valid numeric expression that expresses an angle in radians
Example 1
print Tan(40)Output:-1.1172149309239
Example 2
print Tan(40)Output:1.1172149309239
Array Functions
Function
Array Returns a variant containing an array
The Array function returns a variant containing an array.
Note: The first element in the array is zero.
Syntax
Array(arglist)
Parameter
Description
Arglist
Required. A list (separated by commas) of values that is the elements in the array
Example 1
dim aa=Array(5,10,15,20)print a(3)Output:20
Example 2
dim aa=Array(5,10,15,20)print a(0)Output:5
Filter Returns a zero-based array that contains a subset of a string array based on a filter criteria
The Filter function returns a zero-based array that contains a subset of a string array based on a filter criteria.
Note: If no matches of the value parameter are found, the Filter function will return an empty array.
Note: If the parameter inputstrings is Null or is NOT a one-dimensional array, an error will occur.
Syntax
Filter(inputstrings,value[,include[,compare]])
Parameter
Description
Inputstrings
Required. A one-dimensional array of strings to be searched
Value
Required. The string to search for
Include
Optional. A Boolean value that indicates whether to return the substrings that include or exclude value. True returns the subset of the array that contains value as a substring. False returns the subset of the array that does not contain value as a substring. Default is True.
compare
Optional. Specifies the string comparison to use.
Can have one of the following values:
0 = vbBinaryCompare - Perform a binary comparison
1 = vbTextCompare - Perform a textual comparison
Example 1
dim a(5),ba(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"b=Filter(a,"n")print b(0)print b(1)print (b(2)Output:SundayMondayWednesday
Example 2
dim a(5),ba(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"b=Filter(a,"n",false)print b(0) print b(1)print b(2)Output:SaturdayTuesday
IsArray Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified variable is an array
The IsArray function returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified variable is an array. If the variable is an array, it returns True, otherwise, it returns False.
Syntax
IsArray(variable)
Parameter
Description
variable
Required. Any variable
Example 1
dim a(5)a(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"print IsArray(a)Output:True
Example 2
dim aa="Saturday"print IsArray(a)Output:False
Join Returns a string that consists of a number of substrings in an array
The Join function returns a string that consists of a number of substrings in an array.
Syntax
Join(list[,delimiter])
Parameter
Description
list
Required. A one-dimensional array that contains the substrings to be joined
delimiter
Optional. The character(s) used to separate the substrings in the returned string. Default is the space character
Example 1
dim a(5),ba(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"b=Filter(a,"n")print join(b)Output:Sunday Monday Wednesday
Example 2
dim a(5),ba(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"b=Filter(a,"n")print join(b,", ")Output:Sunday, Monday, Wednesday
LBound Returns the smallest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array
The LBound function returns the smallest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array.
Note: The LBound for any dimension is ALWAYS 0.
Tip: Use the LBound function with the UBound function to determine the size of an array.
Syntax
LBound(arrayname[,dimension])
Parameter
Description
arrayname
Required. The name of the array variable
dimension
Optional. Which dimension's lower bound to return. 1 = first dimension, 2 = second dimension, and so on. Default is 1
Example 1
dim a(10)a(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"a(5)="Thursday"print UBound(a)print LBound(a)Output:100
Split Returns a zero-based, one-dimensional array that contains a specified number of substrings
The Split function returns a zero-based, one-dimensional array that contains a specified number of substrings.
Syntax
Split(expression[,delimiter[,count[,compare]]])
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. A string expression that contains substrings and delimiters
delimiter
Optional. A string character used to identify substring limits. Default is the space character
count
Optional. The number of substrings to be returned. -1 indicates that all substrings are returned
compare
Optional. Specifies the string comparison to use.
Can have one of the following values:
0 = vbBinaryCompare - Perform a binary comparison
1 = vbTextCompare - Perform a textual comparison
Example 1
dim txt,atxt="Hello World!"a=Split(txt)print a(0)print a(1)Output:HelloWorld!
UBound Returns the largest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array
The UBound function returns the largest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array.
Tip: Use the UBound function with the LBound function to determine the size of an array.
Syntax
UBound(arrayname[,dimension])
Parameter
Description
arrayname
Required. The name of the array variable
dimension
Optional. Which dimension's upper bound to return. 1 = first dimension, 2 = second dimension, and so on. Default is 1
Example 1
dim a(10)a(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"a(5)="Thursday"print UBound(a)print LBound(a)Output:100
String Functions
Function
InStr Returns the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. The search begins at the first character of the string
InStrRev Returns the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. The search begins at the last character of the string
LCase Converts a specified string to lowercase
Left Returns a specified number of characters from the left side of a string
Len Returns the number of characters in a string
LTrim Removes spaces on the left side of a string
RTrim Removes spaces on the right side of a string
Trim Removes spaces on both the left and the right side of a string
Mid Returns a specified number of characters from a string
Replace Replaces a specified part of a string with another string a specified number of times
Right Returns a specified number of characters from the right side of a string
Space Returns a string that consists of a specified number of spaces
StrComp Compares two strings and returns a value that represents the result of the comparison
String Returns a string that contains a repeating character of a specified length
StrReverse Reverses a string
UCase Converts a specified string to uppercase
Other Functions
Function
CreateObject Creates an object of a specified type
Eval Evaluates an expression and returns the result
GetLocale Returns the current locale ID
GetObject Returns a reference to an automation object from a file
GetRef Allows you to connect a VBScript procedure to a DHTML event on your pages
InputBox Displays a dialog box, where the user can write some input and/or click on a button, and returns the contents
IsEmpty Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified variable has been initialized or not
IsNull Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified expression contains no valid data (Null)
IsNumeric Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified expression can be evaluated as a number
IsObject Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the specified expression is an automation object
LoadPicture Returns a picture object. Available only on 32-bit platforms
MsgBox Displays a message box, waits for the user to click a button, and returns a value that indicates which button the user clicked
RGB Returns a number that represents an RGB color value
Round Rounds a number
ScriptEngine Returns the scripting language in use
ScriptEngineBuildVersion Returns the build version number of the scripting engine in use
ScriptEngineMajorVersion Returns the major version number of the scripting engine in use
ScriptEngineMinorVersion Returns the minor version number of the scripting engine in use
SetLocale Sets the locale ID and returns the previous locale ID
TypeName Returns the subtype of a specified variable
VarType Returns a value that indicates the subtype of a specified variable
VBScript is a scripting language
A scripting language is a lightweight programming language
VBScript is a light version of Microsoft's programming language Visual Basic
How does it Work?
When a VBScript is inserted into a HTML document, the Internet browser will read the HTML and interpret the VBScript. The VBScript can be executed immediately, or at a later event.
How to Put VBScript Code
Print “Hellow from VBScript!”
And it produces this output:
Hello from VBScript!
Example :
Dim x,y
x=inputbox(“Enter a number”)
y=inputbox(“Enter a number”)
print x*y
Example 2
Dim x,y
x=inputbox(“Enter a number”)
y=inputbox(“Enter a number”)
msgbox “The product of x * y “&vbcrlf&x*y,1,”Product”
In the above example msgbox “message”,buttons,title
What is a Variable?
A variable is a "container" for information you want to store. A variable's value can change during the script. You can refer to a variable by name to see its value or to change its value. In VBScript, all variables are of type variant, that can store different types of data.
Rules for Variable Names:
Must begin with a letter
Cannot contain a period (.)
Cannot exceed 255 characters
Declaring Variables
You can declare variables with the Dim, Public or the Private statement. Like this:
dim namename=some value
Now you have created a variable. The name of the variable is "name".
You can also declare variables by using its name in your script. Like this:
name=some value
Now you have also created a variable. The name of the variable is "name".
However, the last method is not a good practice, because you can misspell the variable name later in your script, and that can cause strange results when your script is running. This is because when you misspell for example the "name" variable to "nime" the script will automatically create a new variable called "nime". To prevent your script from doing this you can use the Option Explicit statement. When you use this statement you will have to declare all your variables with the dim, public or private statement. Put the Option Explicit statement on the top of your script. Like this:
option explicitdim namename=some value
Assigning Values to Variables
You assign a value to a variable like this:
name="Hege"i=200
The variable name is on the left side of the expression and the value you want to assign to the variable is on the right. Now the variable "name" has the value "Hege".
Lifetime of Variables
How long a variable exists is its lifetime.When you declare a variable within a procedure, the variable can only be accessed within that procedure. When the procedure exits, the variable is destroyed. These variables are called local variables. You can have local variables with the same name in different procedures, because each is recognized only by the procedure in which it is declared.If you declare a variable outside a procedure, all the procedures on your page can access it. The lifetime of these variables starts when they are declared, and ends when the page is closed.
Array Variables
Sometimes you want to assign more than one value to a single variable. Then you can create a variable that can contain a series of values. This is called an array variable. The declaration of an array variable uses parentheses ( ) following the variable name. In the following example, an array containing 3 elements is declared:
dim names(2)
The number shown in the parentheses is 2. We start at zero so this array contains 3 elements. This is a fixed-size array. You assign data to each of the elements of the array like this:
names(0)="Tove"names(1)="Jani"names(2)="Stale"
Similarly, the data can be retrieved from any element using the index of the particular array element you want. Like this:
mother=names(0)
You can have up to 60 dimensions in an array. Multiple dimensions are declared by separating the numbers in the parentheses with commas. Here we have a two-dimensional array consisting of 5 rows and 7 columns:
dim table(4, 6)
Create an arrayArrays are used to store a series of related data items. This example demonstrates how you can make an array that stores names. ( We are using a "for loop" to demonstrate how you write the names. )
dim famname(5)
famname(0)="Jan Egil"
famname(1)="Tove"
famname(2)="Hege"
famname(3)="Stale"
famname(4)="Kai Jim"
famname(5)="Borge"
for i=0 to 5
print famname(i)
next
Result
Jan EgilToveHegeStaleKai JimBorge
We have two kinds of procedures: The Sub procedure and the Function procedure.
A Sub procedure:
is a series of statements, enclosed by the Sub and End Sub statements
can perform actions, but does not return a value
can take arguments that are passed to it by a calling procedure
without arguments, must include an empty set of parentheses ()
Sub mysub() some statementsEnd Sub
or Sub mysub(argument1,argument2) some statementsEnd Sub
A Function procedure:
is a series of statements, enclosed by the Function and End Function statements
can perform actions and can return a value
can take arguments that are passed to it by a calling procedure
without arguments, must include an empty set of parentheses ()
returns a value by assigning a value to its name
Function myfunction() some statements myfunction=some valueEnd Function
orFunction myfunction(argument1,argument2) some statements myfunction=some valueEnd Function
Call a Sub or Function Procedure
When you call a Function in your code, you do like this:
name = findname()
Here you call a Function called "findname", the Function returns a value that will be stored in the variable "name".
Or, you can do like this:
msgbox "Your name is " & findname()
Here you also call a Function called "findname", the Function returns a value that will be displayed in the message box.
When you call a Sub procedure you can use the Call statement, like this:
Call MyProc(argument)
Or, you can omit the Call statement, like this:
MyProc argument
Examples
Sub procedureThe sub procedure does not return a value.
sub mySub()
msgbox("This is a sub procedure")
end sub
call mySub()
Result
A sub procedure does not return a result.
Function procedureThe function procedure is used if you want to return a value.
function myFunction()
myFunction = "BLUE"
end function
call myFunction
Result
My favorite color is BLUE
A function procedure CAN return a result.
Examples
The if...then...else statementThis example demonstrates how to write the if...then..else statement.
The if...then...elseif... statementThis example demonstrates how to write the if...then...elseif statement.
The select case statementThis example demonstrates how to write the select case statement.
Conditional Statements
Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this.
In VBScript we have three conditional statements:
if statement - use this statement if you want to execute a set of code when a condition is true
if...then...else statement - use this statement if you want to select one of two sets of lines to execute
if...then...elseif statement - use this statement if you want to select one of many sets of lines to execute
select case statement - use this statement if you want to select one of many sets of lines to execute
If....Then.....Else
You should use the If...Then...Else statement if you want to
execute some code if a condition is true
select one of two blocks of code to execute
If you want to execute only one statement when a condition is true, you can write the code on one line:
if i=10 Then msgbox "Hello"
There is no ..else.. in this syntax. You just tell the code to perform one action if the condition is true (in this case if i=10).
If you want to execute more than one statement when a condition is true, you must put each statement on separate lines and end the statement with the keyword "End If":
if i=10 Then msgbox "Hello" i = i+1end If
There is no ..else.. in this syntax either. You just tell the code to perform multiple actions if the condition is true.
If you want to execute a statement if a condition is true and execute another statement if the condition is not true, you must add the "Else" keyword:
if i=10 then msgbox "Hello"else msgbox "Goodbye"end If
The first block of code will be executed if the condition is true, and the other block will be executed otherwise (if i is not equal to 10).
If....Then.....Elseif
You can use the if...then...elseif statement if you want to select one of many blocks of code to execute:
if payment="Cash" then msgbox "You are going to pay cash!" elseif payment="Visa" then msgbox "You are going to pay with visa." elseif payment="AmEx" then msgbox "You are going to pay with American Express." else msgbox "Unknown method of payment."end If
Select Case
You can also use the SELECT statement if you want to select one of many blocks of code to execute:
select case payment case "Cash" msgbox "You are going to pay cash" case "Visa" msgbox "You are going to pay with visa" case "AmEx" msgbox "You are going to pay with American Express" case Else msgbox "Unknown method of payment"end select
This is how it works: First we have a single expression (most often a variable), that is evaluated once. The value of the expression is then compared with the values for each Case in the structure. If there is a match, the block of code associated with that Case is executed.
Examples
The if...then...else statementThis example demonstrates how to write the if...then..else statement.
function greeting()
i=hour(time)
if i < 10 then
msgbox “Good morning”
else
msgbox “Have a nice day!”
end if
end function
Result
Have a nice day!
The if...then...elseif... statementThis example demonstrates how to write the if...then...elseif statement.
function greeting()
i=hour(time)
If i = 10 then
Print "Just started...!"
elseif i = 11 then
print "Hungry!"
elseif i = 12 then
print "Ah, lunch-time!"
elseif i = 16 then
print "Time to go home!"
else
print "Time zone = Chennai, Kolkatta, Mumbai and Delhi"
end if
end function
call greeting()
Result
Time zone = Chennai, Kolkatta, Mumbai and Delhi
The select case statementThis example demonstrates how to write the select case statement.
d=weekday(date)
select case d
case 1
print "Sleepy Sunday"
case 2
print "Monday again!"
case 3
print "Just Tuesday!"
case 4
print "Wednesday!"
case 5
print "Thursday..."
case 6
print "Finally Friday!"
case else
print "Super Saturday!!!!"
end select
Result
Just Tuesday!
This example demonstrates the "select case" statement.
You will receive a different greeting based on what day it is.
Note that Sunday=1, Monday=2, Tuesday=3, etc.
Looping Statements
Very often when you write code, you want to allow the same block of code to run a number of times. You can use looping statements in your code to do this.
In VBScript we have four looping statements:
For...Next statement - runs statements a specified number of times.
For Each...Next statement - runs statements for each item in a collection or each element of an array
Do...Loop statement - loops while or until a condition is true
While...Wend statement - Do not use it - use the Do...Loop statement instead
For...Next Loop
You can use a For...Next statement to run a block of code, when you know how many repetitions you want.
You can use a counter variable that increases or decreases with each repetition of the loop, like this:
For i=1 to 10 some codeNext
The For statement specifies the counter variable (i) and its start and end values. The Next statement increases the counter variable (i) by one.
Step Keyword
Using the Step keyword, you can increase or decrease the counter variable by the value you specify.
In the example below, the counter variable (i) is increased by two each time the loop repeats.
For i=2 To 10 Step 2 some codeNext
To decrease the counter variable, you must use a negative Step value. You must specify an end value that is less than the start value.
In the example below, the counter variable (i) is decreased by two each time the loop repeats.
For i=10 To 2 Step -2 some codeNext
Exit a For...Next
You can exit a For...Next statement with the Exit For keyword.
For Each...Next Loop
A For Each...Next loop repeats a block of code for each item in a collection, or for each element of an array.
dim cars(2)cars(0)="Volvo"cars(1)="Saab"cars(2)="BMW" For Each x in cars Print x Next
Do...Loop
You can use Do...Loop statements to run a block of code when you do not know how many repetitions you want. The block of code is repeated while a condition is true or until a condition becomes true.
Repeating Code While a Condition is True
You use the While keyword to check a condition in a Do...Loop statement.
Do While i>10 some codeLoop
If i equals 9, the code inside the loop above will never be executed.
Do some codeLoop While i>10
The code inside this loop will be executed at least one time, even if i is less than 10.
Repeating Code Until a Condition Becomes True
You use the Until keyword to check a condition in a Do...Loop statement.
Do Until i=10 some code Loop
If i equals 10, the code inside the loop will never be executed.
Do some codeLoop Until i=10
The code inside this loop will be executed at least one time, even if i is equal to 10.
Exit a Do...Loop
You can exit a Do...Loop statement with the Exit Do keyword.
Do Until i=10 i=i-1 If i<10 Then Exit DoLoop
The code inside this loop will be executed as long as i is different from 10, and as long as i is greater than 10.
Examples
For...next loopThis example demonstrates how to make a simple For....Next loop.
for i = 0 to 2
print "The number is " & i
next
Result
The number is 0
The number is 1
The number is 2
Looping through headersThis example demonstrates how you can loop through the 6 headers in html.
for i=4 to 6
print i
next
For...each loopThis example demonstrates how to make a simple For.....Each loop.
dim names(2)
names(1) = "Tove"
names(0) = "Jani"
names(2) = "Hege"
for each x in names
print x
next
Result
Jani
Tove
Hege
Do...While loopThis example demonstrates how to make a simple Do...While loop.
i=5
do while i < 10
print i
i=i+1
loop
Result
5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
This page contains all the built-in VBScript functions. The page is divided into following sections:
Date/Time functions
Conversion functions
Format functions
Math functions
Array functions
String functions
Other functions
Date/Time Functions
Function
CDate
Converts a valid date and time expression to the variant of subtype Date
The CDate function converts a valid date and time expression to type Date, and returns the result.
Tip: Use the IsDate function to determine if date can be converted to a date or time.
Note: The IsDate function uses local setting to determine if a string can be converted to a date ("January" is not a month in all languages.)
Syntax
CDate(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any valid date expression (like Date() or Now())
Example 1
d="April 22, 2001"if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:2/22/01
Example 2
d=#2/22/01#if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:2/22/01
Example 3
d="3:18:40 AM"if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:3:18:40 AM
Date
Returns the current system date
The Date function returns the current system date.
Syntax
Date
Example 1
Print "The current system date is: "Print DateOutput:The current system date is: 1/14/2002
DateAdd
Returns a date to which a specified time interval has been added
The DateAdd function returns a date to which a specified time interval has been added.
Syntax
DateAdd(interval,number,date)
Parameter
Description
interval
Required. The interval you want to add
Can take the following values:
yyyy - Year
q - Quarter
m - Month
y - Day of year
d - Day
w - Weekday
ww - Week of year
h - Hour
n - Minute
s - Second
number
Required. The number of interval you want to add. Can either be positive, for dates in the future, or negative, for dates in the past
date
Required. Variant or literal representing the date to which interval is added
Example 1
'Add one month to January 31, 2000Print DateAdd("m",1,"31-Jan-00")Output:2/29/2000
Print DateAdd("m",1,"31-Jan-00")
Example 2
'Add one month to January 31, 2001Print DateAdd("m",1,"31-Jan-01")Output:2/28/2001
Print DateAdd("m",-1,"31-Jan-01")
Example 3
'Subtract one month from January 31, 2001Print DateAdd("m",-1,"31-Jan-01")Output:12/31/2000
DateDiff
Returns the number of intervals between two dates
The DateDiff function returns the number of intervals between two dates.
Syntax
DateDiff(interval,date1,date2[,firstdayofweek[,firstweekofyear]])
date1,date2
Required. Date expressions. Two dates you want to use in the calculation
firstdayofweek
Optional. Specifies the day of the week.
Can take the following values:
0 = vbUseSystemDayOfWeek - Use National Language Support (NLS) API setting
1 = vbSunday - Sunday (default)
2 = vbMonday - Monday
3 = vbTuesday - Tuesday
4 = vbWednesday - Wednesday
5 = vbThursday - Thursday
6 = vbFriday - Friday
7 = vbSaturday - Saturday
firstweekofyear
Optional. Specifies the first week of the year.
Can take the following values:
0 = vbUseSystem - Use National Language Support (NLS) API setting
1 = vbFirstJan1 - Start with the week in which January 1 occurs (default)
2 = vbFirstFourDays - Start with the week that has at least four days in the new year
3 = vbFirstFullWeek - Start with the first full week of the new year
Example 1
Print Date Print DateDiff("m",Date,"12/31/2002")Print DateDiff("d",Date,"12/31/2002") Print DateDiff("n",Date,"12/31/2002")Output:1/14/200211351505440
Example 2
Print Date'Note that in the code below'is date1>date2Print DateDiff("d","12/31/2002",Date)Output:1/14/2002-351
Example 3
'How many weeks (start on Monday),'are left between the current date and 10/10/2002Print Date Print DateDiff("w",Date,"10/10/2002",vbMonday)Output:1/14/200238
DatePart
Returns the specified part of a given date
The DatePart function returns the specified part of a given date.
Syntax
DatePart(interval,date[,firstdayofweek[,firstweekofyear]])
Example 1
Print Date Print DatePart("d",Date)Output:1/14/200214
Example 2
Print DatePrint DatePart("w",Date)Output:1/14/20022
DateSerial
Returns the date for a specified year, month, and day
The DateSerial function returns a Variant of subtype Date for a specified year, month, and day.
Syntax
DateSerial(year,month,day)
Parameter
Description
year
Required. A number between 100 and 9999, or a numeric expression. Values between 0 and 99 are interpreted as the years 1900–1999. For all other year arguments, use a complete four-digit year
month
Required. Any numeric expression
day
Required. Any numeric expression
Example 1
Print DateSerial(1996,2,3)Print DateSerial(1990-20,9-2,1-1)Output:2/3/19966/30/1970
DateValue
Returns a date
The DateValue function returns a type Date.
Note: If the year part of date is omitted this function will use the current year from the computer's system date.
Note: If the date parameter includes time information it will not be returned. However, if date includes invalid time information, a run-time error will occur.
Syntax
DateValue(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. A date from January 1, 100 through December 31, 9999 or any expression that can represent a date, a time, or both a date and time
Example 1
Print DateValue("31-Jan-02")Print DateValue("31-Jan")Print DateValue("31-Jan-02 2:39:49 AM")Output:1/31/20021/31/20021/31/2002
Day
Returns a number that represents the day of the month (between 1 and 31, inclusive)
The Day function returns a number between 1 and 31 that represents the day of the month.
Syntax
Day(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any expression that can represent a date
Example 1
Print DatePrint Day(Date)Output:1/14/200214
FormatDateTime
Returns an expression formatted as a date or time
The FormatDateTime function formats and returns a valid date or time expression.
Syntax
FormatDateTime(date,format)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any valid date expression (like Date() or Now())
format
Optional. A Format value that specifies the date/time format to use
Example 1
Print The current date is: "Print FormatDateTime(Date())Output:The current date is: 2/22/2001
Example 2
Print The current date is: "Print FormatDateTime(Date(),1)Output:The current date is: Thursday, February 22, 2001
Example 3
Print “The current date is: "Print FormatDateTime(Date(),2)Output:The current date is: 2/22/2001
Format Values
Constant
Value
Description
vbGeneralDate
0
Display a date in format mm/dd/yy. If the date parameter is Now(), it will also return the time, after the date
vbLongDate
1
Display a date using the long date format: weekday, month day, year
vbShortDate
2
Display a date using the short date format: like the default (mm/dd/yy)
vbLongTime
3
Display a time using the time format: hh:mm:ss PM/AM
vbShortTime
4
Display a time using the 24-hour format: hh:mm
Hour
Returns a number that represents the hour of the day (between 0 and 23, inclusive)
The Hour function returns a number between 0 and 23 that represents the hour of the day.
Syntax
Hour(time)
Parameter
Description
time
Required. Any expression that can represent a time
Example 1
Print Now Print Hour(Now)Output:1/15/2002 10:07:47 AM10
Example 2
Print Hour(Time)Output:10
IsDate
Returns a Boolean value that indicates if the evaluated expression can be converted to a date
The IsDate function returns a Boolean value that indicates if the evaluated expression can be converted to a date. It returns True if the expression is a date or can be converted to a date; otherwise, it returns False.
Note: The IsDate function uses local setting to determine if a string can be converted to a date ("January" is not a month in all languages.)
Syntax
IsDate(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. The expression to be evaluated
Example 1
Print IsDate("April 22, 1947")Print IsDate(#11/11/01#)Print IsDate("#11/11/01#")Print IsDate("Hello World!")Output:TrueTrueFalseFalse
Minute
Returns a number that represents the minute of the hour (between 0 and 59, inclusive)
The Minute function returns a number between 0 and 59 that represents the minute of the hour.
Syntax
Minute(time)
Parameter
Description
time
Required. Any expression that can represent a time
Example 1
Print Now Print Minute(Now)Output:1/15/2002 10:34:39 AM34
Example 2
Print Minute(Time)Output:34
Month
Returns a number that represents the month of the year (between 1 and 12, inclusive)
The Month function returns a number between 1 and 12 that represents the month of the year.
Syntax
Month(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any expression that can represent a date
Example 1
Print DatePrint Month(Date)Output:1/15/20021
MonthName
Returns the name of a specified month
The MonthName function returns the name of the specified month.
Syntax
MonthName(month[,abbreviate])
Parameter
Description
month
Required. Specifies the number of the month (January is 1, February is 2, etc.)
abbreviate
Optional. A Boolean value that indicates if the month name is to be abbreviated. Default is False
Example 1
Print MonthName(8)Output:August
Example 2
Print MonthName(8,true)Output:Aug
Now
Returns the current system date and time
The Now function returns the current date and time according to the setting of your computer's system date and time.
Syntax
Now
Example 1
Print NowOutput:1/15/2002 10:52:15 AM
Second
Returns a number that represents the second of the minute (between 0 and 59, inclusive)
The Second function returns a number between 0 and 59 that represents the second of the minute.
Syntax
Second(time)
Parameter
Description
time
Required. Any expression that can represent a time
Example 1
Print Now Print Second(Now)Output:1/15/2002 10:55:51 AM51
Example 2
Print Second(Time)Output:51
Time
Returns the current system time
The Time function returns the current system time.
Syntax
Time
Example 1
Print TimeOutput:11:07:27 AM
Timer
Returns the number of seconds since 12:00 AM
The Timer function returns the number of seconds since 12:00 AM.
Syntax
Timer
Example 1
Print TimePrint TimerOutput:11:11:13 AM40273.2
TimeSerial
Returns the time for a specific hour, minute, and second
The TimeSerial function returns the time for a specific hour, minute, and second.
Syntax
TimeSerial(hour,minute,second)
Parameter
Description
hour
Required. A number between 0 and 23, or a numeric expression
minute
Required. Any numeric expression
second
Required. Any numeric expression
Example 1
Print TimeSerial(23,2,3)Print TimeSerial(0,9,11) Print TimeSerial(14+2,9-2,1-1)Output:11:02:03 PM12:09:11 AM4:07:00 PM
TimeValue
Returns a time
The TimeValue function returns a Variant of subtype Date that contains the time.
Syntax
TimeValue(time)
Parameter
Description
time
Required. A time from 0:00:00 (12:00:00 A.M.) to 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.) or any expression that represents a time in that range
Example 1
Print TimeValue("5:55:59 PM")Print TimeValue(#5:55:59 PM#)Print TimeValue("15:34")Output:5:55:59 PM5:55:59 PM3:34:00 PM
Weekday
Returns a number that represents the day of the week (between 1 and 7, inclusive)
The Weekday function returns a number between 1 and 7, that represents the day of the week.
Syntax
Weekday(date[,firstdayofweek])
Parameter
Description
date
Required. The date expression to evaluate
firstdayofweek
Optional. Specifies the first day of the week.
Can take the following values:
0 = vbUseSystemDayOfWeek - Use National Language Support (NLS) API setting
1 = vbSunday - Sunday (default)
2 = vbMonday - Monday
3 = vbTuesday - Tuesday
4 = vbWednesday - Wednesday
5 = vbThursday - Thursday
6 = vbFriday - Friday
7 = vbSaturday - Saturday
Example 1
Print DatePrint Weekday(Date)Output:1/15/20023
WeekdayName
Returns the weekday name of a specified day of the week
The WeekdayName function returns the weekday name of a specified day of the week.
Syntax
WeekdayName(weekday[,abbreviate[,firstdayofweek]])
Parameter
Description
weekday
Required. The number of the weekday
abbreviate
Optional. A Boolean value that indicates if the weekday name is to be abbreviated
Example 1
Print WeekdayName(3)Output:Tuesday
Example 2
Print DatePrint Weekday(Date)Print WeekdayName(Weekday(Date)Output:1/15/20023Tuesday
Example 3
Print Date Print Weekday(Date)Print WeekdayName(Weekday(Date),true)Output:1/15/20023Tue
Year
Returns a number that represents the year
The Year function returns a number that represents the year.
Syntax
Year(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any expression that can represent a date
Example 1
Print Date Print Year(Date)Output:1/15/20022002
Conversion Functions
Asc Converts the first letter in a string to ANSI code
The Asc function converts the first letter in a string to ANSI code, and returns the result.
Syntax
Asc(string)
Parameter
Description
string
Required. A string expression. Cannot be an empty string!
Example 1
Print Asc("A")Print Asc("F")Output:6570
Example 2
Print Asc("a")Print Asc("f")Output:97102
Example 3
Print Asc("W")Print Asc("W3Schools.com")Output:8787
Example 4
Print Asc("2")Print Asc("#")Output:5035
CBool Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Boolean
The CBool function converts an expression to type Boolean.
Syntax
CBool(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression. A nonzero value returns True, zero returns False. A run-time error occurs if the expression can not be interpreted as a numeric value
Example 1
dim a,ba=5b=10print CBool(a)print CBool(b)Output:TrueTrue
CByte Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Byte
The CByte function converts an expression to type Byte.
Syntax
CByte(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim aa=134.345print CByte(a)Output:134
Example 2
dim aa=14.345455print CByte(a)Output:14
CCur Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Currency
The CCur function converts an expression to type Currency.
Syntax
CCur(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim aa=134.345print CCur(a)Output:134.345
Example 2
dim aa=1411111111.345455'NB! This function rounds off to 4 decimal placesPrint CCur(a)Output:1411111111.3455
CDate Converts a valid date and time expression to the variant of subtype Date
The CDate function converts a valid date and time expression to type Date, and returns the result.
Tip: Use the IsDate function to determine if date can be converted to a date or time.
Note: The IsDate function uses local setting to determine if a string can be converted to a date ("January" is not a month in all languages.)
Syntax
CDate(date)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any valid date expression (like Date() or Now())
Example 1
d="April 22, 2001"if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:2/22/01
Example 2
d=#2/22/01#if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:2/22/01
Example 3
d="3:18:40 AM"if IsDate(d) then print CDate(d)end ifOutput:3:18:40 AM
CDbl Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Double
The CDbl function converts an expression to type Double.
Syntax
CDbl(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim aa=134.345 print CDbl(a)Output:134.345
Example 2
dim aa=14111111113353355.345455 print CDbl(a)Output:1.41111111133534E+16
Chr Converts the specified ANSI code to a character
The Chr function converts the specified ANSI character code to a character.
Note: The numbers from 0 to 31 represents nonprintable ASCII codes, i.e. Chr(10) will return a linefeed character.
Syntax
Chr(charcode)
Parameter
Description
charcode
Required. A number that identifies a character
Example 1
Print Chr(65)Print Chr(97)Output:Aa
Example 2
Print Chr(37)Print Chr(45)Output:%-
Example 3
Print Chr(50)Print Chr(35)Output:2#
CInt Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Integer
The CInt function converts an expression to type Integer.
Note: The value must be a number between -32768 and 32767.
Syntax
CInt(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim aa=134.345print CInt(a)Output:134
Example 2
dim aa=-30000.24print CInt(a)Output:-30000
CLng Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Long
The CLng function converts an expression to type Long.
Note: The value must be a number between -2147483648 and 2147483647.
Syntax
CLng(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim a,ba=23524.45b=23525.55print CLng(a)print CLng(b)Output:2352423526
CSng Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Single
The CSng function converts an expression to type Single.
Syntax
CSng(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
Example 1
dim a,ba=23524.4522b=23525.5533print CSng(a)print CSng(b)Output:23524.4523525.55
CStr Converts an expression to a variant of subtype String
The CStr function converts an expression to type String.
Syntax
CStr(expression)
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. Any valid expression
If expression is:
Boolean - then the CStr function will return a string containing true or false.
Date - then the CStr function will return a string that contains a date in the short-date format.
Null - then a run-time error will occur.
Empty - then the CStr function will return an empty string ("").
Error - then the CStr function will return a string that contains the word "Error" followed by an error number.
Other numeric - then the CStr function will return a string that contains the number.
Example 1
dim aa=falseprint CStr(a)Output:false
Example 2
dim aa=#01/01/01#print CStr(a)Output:1/1/2001
Hex Returns the hexadecimal value of a specified number
The Hex function returns a string that represents the hexadecimal value of a specified number.
Note: If number is not a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated.
Syntax
Hex(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. Any valid expression
If number is:
Null - then the Hex function returns Null.
Empty - then the Hex function returns zero (0).
Any other number - then the Hex function returns up to eight hexadecimal characters.
Example 1
print Hex(3)print Hex(5)print Hex(9)print Hex(10)print Hex(11)print Hex(12)print Hex(400)print Hex(459)print Hex(460)Output:359ABC1901CB1CC
Oct Returns the octal value of a specified number
The Oct function returns a string that represents the octal value of a specified number.
Note: If number is not already a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated.
Syntax
Oct(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. Any valid expression
If number is:
Null - then the Oct function returns Null.
Empty - then the Oct function returns zero (0).
Any other number - then the Oct function returns up to 11 octal characters.
Example 1
print Oct(3)print Oct(5)print Oct(9)print Oct(10) print Oct(11)print Oct(12)print Oct(400)print Oct(459)print Oct(460)Output:3511121314620713714
Format Functions
Function
FormatCurrency Returns an expression formatted as a currency value
The FormatCurrency function returns an expression formatted as a currency value using the currency symbol defined in the computer's control panel.
Syntax
FormatCurrency(Expression[,NumDigAfterDec[,IncLeadingDig[,UseParForNegNum[,GroupDig]]]])
Parameter
Description
Expression
Required. The expression to be formatted
NumDigAfterDec
Optional. Indicates how many places to the right of the decimal are displayed. Default is -1 (the computer's regional settings are used)
IncLeadingDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not a leading zero is displayed for fractional values:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
UseParForNegNum
Optional. Indicates whether or not to place negative values within parentheses:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
GroupDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not numbers are grouped using the group delimiter specified in the computer's regional settings:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
Example 1
print FormatCurrency(20000)Output:$20,000.00
Example 2
print FormatCurrency(20000.578,2)Output:$20,000.58
Example 3
print FormatCurrency(20000.578,2,,,0)Output:$20000.58
FormatDateTime Returns an expression formatted as a date or time
The FormatDateTime function formats and returns a valid date or time expression.
Syntax
FormatDateTime(date,format)
Parameter
Description
date
Required. Any valid date expression (like Date() or Now())
format
Optional. A Format value that specifies the date/time format to use
Example 1
print "The current date is: "print FormatDateTime(Date())Output:The current date is: 2/22/2001
Example 2
Print "The current date is: "print FormatDateTime(Date(),1)Output:The current date is: Thursday, February 22, 2001
Example 3
print "The current date is: "print FormatDateTime(Date(),2)Output:The current date is: 2/22/2001
Format Values
Constant
Value
Description
vbGeneralDate
0
Display a date in format mm/dd/yy. If the date parameter is Now(), it will also return the time, after the date
vbLongDate
1
Display a date using the long date format: weekday, month day, year
vbShortDate
2
Display a date using the short date format: like the default (mm/dd/yy)
vbLongTime
3
Display a time using the time format: hh:mm:ss PM/AM
vbShortTime
4
Display a time using the 24-hour format: hh:mm
FormatNumber Returns an expression formatted as a number
The FormatNumber function returns an expression formatted as a number.
Syntax
FormatNumber(Expression[,NumDigAfterDec[,IncLeadingDig[,UseParForNegNum[,GroupDig]]]])
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. The expression to be formatted
NumDigAfterDec
Optional. Indicates how many places to the right of the decimal are displayed. Default is -1 (the computer's regional settings are used)
IncLeadingDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not a leading zero is displayed for fractional values:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
UseParForNegNum
Optional. Indicates whether or not to place negative values within parentheses:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
GroupDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not numbers are grouped using the group delimiter specified in the computer's regional settings:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
Example 1
print (FormatNumber(20000))Output:20,000.00
Example 2
print FormatNumber(20000.578,2)Output:20,000.58
Example 3
print FormatNumber(20000.578,2,,,0)Output:20000.58
FormatPercent Returns an expression formatted as a percentage
The FormatPercent function returns an expression formatted as a percentage (multiplied by 100) with a trailing % character.
Syntax
FormatPercent(Expression[,NumDigAfterDec[,IncLeadingDig[,UseParForNegNum[,GroupDig]]]])
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. The expression to be formatted
NumDigAfterDec
Optional. Indicates how many places to the right of the decimal are displayed. Default is -1 (the computer's regional settings are used)
IncLeadingDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not a leading zero is displayed for fractional values:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
UseParForNegNum
Optional. Indicates whether or not to place negative values within parentheses:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
GroupDig
Optional. Indicates whether or not numbers are grouped using the group delimiter specified in the computer's regional settings:
-2 = TristateUseDefault - Use the computer's regional settings
-1 = TristateTrue - True
0 = TristateFalse - False
Example 1
'How many percent is 6 of 345?print FormatPercent(6/345)Output:1.74%
Example 2
'How many percent is 6 of 345?print FormatPercent(6/345,1)Output:1.7%
Math Functions
Function
Abs Returns the absolute value of a specified number
The Abs function returns the absolute value of a specified number.
Note: If the number parameter contains Null, Null will be returned
Note: If the number parameter is an uninitialized variable, zero will be returned.
Syntax
Abs(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A numeric expression
Example 1
print Abs(1)print Abs(-1)Output:11
Example 2
print Abs(48.4)print Abs(-48.4)Output:48.448.4
Atn Returns the arctangent of a specified number
The Atn function returns the arctangent of a specified number.
Syntax
Atn(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A numeric expression
Example 1
print Atn(89)Output:1.55956084453693
Example 2
print Atn(8.9)Output:1.45890606062322
Example 3
'calculate the value of pidim pipi=4*Atn(1)print piOutput:3.14159265358979
Cos Returns the cosine of a specified number (angle)
The Cos function returns the cosine of a specified number (angle).
Syntax
Cos(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A numeric expression that expresses an angle in radians
Example 1
print Cos(50.0)Output:0.964966028492113
Example 2
print Cos(-50.0)Output:0.964966028492113
Exp Returns e raised to a power
The Exp function returns e raised to a power.
Note: The value of number cannot exceed 709.782712893.
Tip: Also look at the Log function.
Syntax
Exp(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A valid numeric expression
Example 1
print Exp(6.7)Output:812.405825167543
Example 2
print Exp(-6.7)Output:1.23091190267348E-03
Hex Returns the hexadecimal value of a specified number
The Hex function returns a string that represents the hexadecimal value of a specified number.
Note: If number is not a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated.
Syntax
Hex(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. Any valid expression
If number is:
Null - then the Hex function returns Null.
Empty - then the Hex function returns zero (0).
Any other number - then the Hex function returns up to eight hexadecimal characters.
Example 1
print Hex(3)print Hex(5) print Hex(9)print Hex(10)print Hex(11)print Hex(12)print Hex(400)print Hex(459)print Hex(460)Output:359ABC1901CB1CC
Int Returns the integer part of a specified number
The Int function returns the integer part of a specified number.
Note: If the number parameter contains Null, Null will be returned.
Tip: Also look at the Fix function.
Syntax
Int(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A valid numeric expression
Example 1
print Int(6.83227)Output:6
Example 2
print Int(6.23443)Output:6
Example 3
print Int(-6.13443)Output:-7
Example 4
print Int(-6.93443)Output:-7
Fix Returns the integer part of a specified number
The Fix function returns the integer part of a specified number.
Note: If the number parameter contains Null, Null will be returned.
Tip: Also look at the Int function.
Syntax
Fix(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A valid numeric expression
Example 1
print Fix(6.83227)Output:6
Example 2
print Fix(6.23443)Output:6
Example 3
Print Fix(-6.13443)Output:-6
Example 4
print Fix(-6.93443)Output:-6
Log Returns the natural logarithm of a specified number
The Log function returns the natural logarithm of a specified number. The natural logarithm is the logarithm to the base e.
Note: Negative values are not allowed.
Tip: Also look at the Exp function.
Syntax
Log(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A valid numeric expression > 0
Example 1
print Log(38.256783227)Output:3.64432088381777
Oct Returns the octal value of a specified number
The Oct function returns a string that represents the octal value of a specified number.
Note: If number is not already a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated.
Syntax
Oct(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. Any valid expression
If number is:
Null - then the Oct function returns Null.
Empty - then the Oct function returns zero (0).
Any other number - then the Oct function returns up to 11 octal characters.
Example 1
print Oct(3)print Oct(5)print Oct(9) print Oct(10) print Oct(11)print Oct(12) print Oct(400)print Oct(459)print Oct(460)Output:3511121314620713714
Rnd Returns a random number less than 1 but greater or equal to 0
The Rnd function returns a random number. The number is always less than 1 but greater or equal to 0.
Syntax
Rnd[(number)]
Parameter
Description
number
Optional. A valid numeric expression
If number is:
<0 - Rnd returns the same number every time
>0 - Rnd returns the next random number in the sequence
=0 - Rnd returns the most recently generated number
Not supplied - Rnd returns the next random number in the sequence
Example 1
print RndOutput:0.7055475
Example 2
'If you refresh the page,'using the code in example 1,'the SAME random number will show over and over.'Use the Randomize statement generate a new random number'each time the page is reloaded!Randomizeprint RndOutput:0.4758112
Example 3
'Here is how to produce random integers in a'given range:dim max,minmax=100min=1print Int((max-min+1)*Rnd+min)Output:71
Sgn Returns an integer that indicates the sign of a specified number
The Sgn function returns an integer that indicates the sign of a specified number.
Syntax
Sgn(number)
Parameter
Description
number
Required. A valid numeric expression
If number is:
>0 - Sgn returns 1
=0 - Sgn returns 0
<0 - Sgn returns -1
Example 1
print Sgn(15)Output:1
Example 2
print Sgn(-5.67)Output:-1
Example 3
print Sgn(0)Output:0
Sin Returns the sine of a specified number (angle)
The Sin function returns the sine of a specified number (angle).
Syntax
Sin(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A valid numeric expression that expresses an angle in radians
Example 1
print Sin(47)Output:0.123573122745224
Example 2
print Sin(-47)Output:-0.123573122745224
Sqr Returns the square root of a specified number
The Sqr function returns the square root of a number.
Note: The number parameter cannot be a negative value.
Syntax
Sqr(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A valid numeric expression >= 0
Example 1
print Sqr(9)Output:3
Example 2
print Sqr(0)Output:0
Example 3
print Sqr(47)Output:6.85565460040104
Tan Returns the tangent of a specified number (angle)
The Tan function returns the tangent of a specified number (angle).
Syntax
Tan(number)
Parameter
Description
Number
Required. A valid numeric expression that expresses an angle in radians
Example 1
print Tan(40)Output:-1.1172149309239
Example 2
print Tan(40)Output:1.1172149309239
Array Functions
Function
Array Returns a variant containing an array
The Array function returns a variant containing an array.
Note: The first element in the array is zero.
Syntax
Array(arglist)
Parameter
Description
Arglist
Required. A list (separated by commas) of values that is the elements in the array
Example 1
dim aa=Array(5,10,15,20)print a(3)Output:20
Example 2
dim aa=Array(5,10,15,20)print a(0)Output:5
Filter Returns a zero-based array that contains a subset of a string array based on a filter criteria
The Filter function returns a zero-based array that contains a subset of a string array based on a filter criteria.
Note: If no matches of the value parameter are found, the Filter function will return an empty array.
Note: If the parameter inputstrings is Null or is NOT a one-dimensional array, an error will occur.
Syntax
Filter(inputstrings,value[,include[,compare]])
Parameter
Description
Inputstrings
Required. A one-dimensional array of strings to be searched
Value
Required. The string to search for
Include
Optional. A Boolean value that indicates whether to return the substrings that include or exclude value. True returns the subset of the array that contains value as a substring. False returns the subset of the array that does not contain value as a substring. Default is True.
compare
Optional. Specifies the string comparison to use.
Can have one of the following values:
0 = vbBinaryCompare - Perform a binary comparison
1 = vbTextCompare - Perform a textual comparison
Example 1
dim a(5),ba(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"b=Filter(a,"n")print b(0)print b(1)print (b(2)Output:SundayMondayWednesday
Example 2
dim a(5),ba(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"b=Filter(a,"n",false)print b(0) print b(1)print b(2)Output:SaturdayTuesday
IsArray Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified variable is an array
The IsArray function returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified variable is an array. If the variable is an array, it returns True, otherwise, it returns False.
Syntax
IsArray(variable)
Parameter
Description
variable
Required. Any variable
Example 1
dim a(5)a(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"print IsArray(a)Output:True
Example 2
dim aa="Saturday"print IsArray(a)Output:False
Join Returns a string that consists of a number of substrings in an array
The Join function returns a string that consists of a number of substrings in an array.
Syntax
Join(list[,delimiter])
Parameter
Description
list
Required. A one-dimensional array that contains the substrings to be joined
delimiter
Optional. The character(s) used to separate the substrings in the returned string. Default is the space character
Example 1
dim a(5),ba(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"b=Filter(a,"n")print join(b)Output:Sunday Monday Wednesday
Example 2
dim a(5),ba(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"b=Filter(a,"n")print join(b,", ")Output:Sunday, Monday, Wednesday
LBound Returns the smallest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array
The LBound function returns the smallest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array.
Note: The LBound for any dimension is ALWAYS 0.
Tip: Use the LBound function with the UBound function to determine the size of an array.
Syntax
LBound(arrayname[,dimension])
Parameter
Description
arrayname
Required. The name of the array variable
dimension
Optional. Which dimension's lower bound to return. 1 = first dimension, 2 = second dimension, and so on. Default is 1
Example 1
dim a(10)a(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"a(5)="Thursday"print UBound(a)print LBound(a)Output:100
Split Returns a zero-based, one-dimensional array that contains a specified number of substrings
The Split function returns a zero-based, one-dimensional array that contains a specified number of substrings.
Syntax
Split(expression[,delimiter[,count[,compare]]])
Parameter
Description
expression
Required. A string expression that contains substrings and delimiters
delimiter
Optional. A string character used to identify substring limits. Default is the space character
count
Optional. The number of substrings to be returned. -1 indicates that all substrings are returned
compare
Optional. Specifies the string comparison to use.
Can have one of the following values:
0 = vbBinaryCompare - Perform a binary comparison
1 = vbTextCompare - Perform a textual comparison
Example 1
dim txt,atxt="Hello World!"a=Split(txt)print a(0)print a(1)Output:HelloWorld!
UBound Returns the largest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array
The UBound function returns the largest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array.
Tip: Use the UBound function with the LBound function to determine the size of an array.
Syntax
UBound(arrayname[,dimension])
Parameter
Description
arrayname
Required. The name of the array variable
dimension
Optional. Which dimension's upper bound to return. 1 = first dimension, 2 = second dimension, and so on. Default is 1
Example 1
dim a(10)a(0)="Saturday"a(1)="Sunday"a(2)="Monday"a(3)="Tuesday"a(4)="Wednesday"a(5)="Thursday"print UBound(a)print LBound(a)Output:100
String Functions
Function
InStr Returns the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. The search begins at the first character of the string
InStrRev Returns the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. The search begins at the last character of the string
LCase Converts a specified string to lowercase
Left Returns a specified number of characters from the left side of a string
Len Returns the number of characters in a string
LTrim Removes spaces on the left side of a string
RTrim Removes spaces on the right side of a string
Trim Removes spaces on both the left and the right side of a string
Mid Returns a specified number of characters from a string
Replace Replaces a specified part of a string with another string a specified number of times
Right Returns a specified number of characters from the right side of a string
Space Returns a string that consists of a specified number of spaces
StrComp Compares two strings and returns a value that represents the result of the comparison
String Returns a string that contains a repeating character of a specified length
StrReverse Reverses a string
UCase Converts a specified string to uppercase
Other Functions
Function
CreateObject Creates an object of a specified type
Eval Evaluates an expression and returns the result
GetLocale Returns the current locale ID
GetObject Returns a reference to an automation object from a file
GetRef Allows you to connect a VBScript procedure to a DHTML event on your pages
InputBox Displays a dialog box, where the user can write some input and/or click on a button, and returns the contents
IsEmpty Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified variable has been initialized or not
IsNull Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified expression contains no valid data (Null)
IsNumeric Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified expression can be evaluated as a number
IsObject Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the specified expression is an automation object
LoadPicture Returns a picture object. Available only on 32-bit platforms
MsgBox Displays a message box, waits for the user to click a button, and returns a value that indicates which button the user clicked
RGB Returns a number that represents an RGB color value
Round Rounds a number
ScriptEngine Returns the scripting language in use
ScriptEngineBuildVersion Returns the build version number of the scripting engine in use
ScriptEngineMajorVersion Returns the major version number of the scripting engine in use
ScriptEngineMinorVersion Returns the minor version number of the scripting engine in use
SetLocale Sets the locale ID and returns the previous locale ID
TypeName Returns the subtype of a specified variable
VarType Returns a value that indicates the subtype of a specified variable
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